Indian Renaissance

What this chapter covers

1. Reforms in India

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   • Background and ContextNeed to end social, religious stagnation.
   • Raja Ram Mohan Roy'Father of Indian Renaissance', per Tagore.
   • Ishwar Chandra VidyasagarHumanist who opened girls' schools.
   • Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami VivekanandaAll religions paths to one God.
   • Dayanand Saraswati and the Arya SamajVedas as source of all knowledge.
   • Jyotiba PhuleChallenged brahmana superiority; Satyashodhak Samaj.
   • Annie BesantTheosophical Society revived national pride.

2. Regional and Community Reform Movements

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   • Reform Movement in Western IndiaBhandarkar and Ranade aimed to modernise.
   • Reform Movements in South IndiaVeeresalingam, the 'Vidyasagar of South India'.
   • Reforms among the ParseesDadabhai Naoroji fought Parsee orthodoxy.
   • Reform Movement among the MuslimsSir Sayyid Ahmad Khan's Aligarh Movement.
   • Reforms among the SikhsSingh Sabha; Khalsa College, Amritsar.

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