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Indian Nationalist Movement - 1917-1934

How Mahatma Gandhi turned the freedom struggle into a mass movement — from Champaran and Jallianwala Bagh to Non-Cooperation and the Salt Satyagraha.

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What this chapter covers

  1. The Gandhian Era

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    • A New EraReforms of 1919 to appease nationalists.
    • Emergence of Mahatma GandhiEvolved satyagraha in South Africa.
    • Gandhian PrinciplesHindu–Muslim unity and mass movement.
    • Gandhi's Early CampaignsChamparan and other early satyagrahas.

  2. Circumstances Leading to the Non-Cooperation Movement

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    • Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy (1919)General Dyer fired on peaceful protesters.
    • Khilafat MovementAli brothers' movement backed by Gandhi.

  3. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)

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    • Launch and ProgrammeBoycott for swaraj by peaceful means.
    • End of the MovementCalled off after Chauri Chaura violence.

  4. Lahore Session and Civil Disobedience Movement (1929–34)

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    • Lahore Session of the Congress (1929)'Poorna Swaraj' became the goal.
    • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34)Breaking laws, starting with Salt Satyagraha.

Try a sample question

Which of the following best describes a satyagrahi?

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