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Rise of Indian Nationalism

How love and loyalty for the country grew into a national movement, as a reaction to exploitative British rule — leading to the Indian National Congress.

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What this chapter covers

  1. Impact of British Rule

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    • Definition of NationalismLove and loyalty for one's country.
    • Exploitation PhasesCompany rule before 1857, nation after.
    • Armed RevoltsKuka, Santhal and indigo revolts crushed.

  2. Causes of the Rise of Nationalism

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    • Impact of the Revolt of 1857Its heroes became inspiring legends.
    • Western Education and Modern IdeasBrought humanism, nationalism and democracy.
    • Common Code of Law and Administrative UnityUniform laws made one identity.
    • Modern Transport and CommunicationRailways, post linked regions together.
    • Rediscovery of India's Glorious PastIndologists revealed India's rich heritage.
    • Socio-Religious ReformersRejuvenated society and instilled pride.
    • Vernacular Press and LiteratureCriticised British policies, urged unity.
    • Economic ExploitationAgricultural colony; industries destroyed, wealth drained.
    • Racial Arrogance and DiscriminationIndians barred from parks, clubs, coaches.
    • Repressive Policies of Lord LyttonVernacular Press Act and Arms Act.

  3. The Indian National Congress

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    • Founding of the INCFounded by A.O. Hume, ex-civil servant.
    • Aims and Early CharacterNational unity; early loyalty to Crown.

Try a sample question

In which month and year was the Indian National Congress founded?

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