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Population Dynamics

How the world's people are distributed, why some places are crowded and others empty, and how births, deaths, migration and age shape a population.

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What this chapter covers

  1. Population and Population Distribution

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    • TerminologyPopulation and the study of change.
    • Population DistributionAbout 90% live on 10% land.

  2. Population Density

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    • Definition and DistributionNumber of people per square kilometre.
    • Factors Influencing Population DensityRelief, climate and other factors.

  3. Overpopulation

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    • Definition and ConceptMore people than resources can support.
    • Impact of OverpopulationShortages, unemployment, poverty and habitat loss.

  4. Underpopulation

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    • Definition and ConceptToo few people to use resources.
    • Impact of UnderpopulationAmple resources, but labour shortage.

  5. Factors Affecting Population of a Place

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    • Birth Rate and Death RateAnnual births, deaths per thousand people.
    • MigrationMovement of people across regions.

  6. Composition of Population

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    • Age CompositionChildren, adults and the aged.
    • Sex RatioNumber of females per 1000 males.
    • Rural Urban CompositionDivision by where people live.
    • Population PyramidGraph of a population's age-sex structure.

Try a sample question

Why are the Ganga Plains of India among the most densely populated areas in the world?

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Types of migration, causes and impact on donor and receiver regions, and brain drain.

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Urban and rural areas, origin of cities, causes and impact of urbanisation, satellite and smart cities.

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Disasters

Floods, earthquakes, cyclones, drought, man-made disasters, disaster management and case studies.
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