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Industrial Revolution

How machines and factories replaced goods made by hand at home, and how the Industrial Revolution changed society and politics and led to imperialism.

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What this chapter covers

  1. Pre-Industrial Revolution

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    • Domestic SystemGoods made at home by artisans.
    • LimitationsDemand for goods outgrew home production.

  2. Industrial Revolution

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    • CausesSurplus capital and political stability.
    • FeaturesFactories and machines replaced manual labour.
    • SpreadSpread to France, Germany, USA, Japan.

  3. Impact of the Industrial Revolution

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    • Economic ImpactUrbanisation, and the domestic system destroyed.
    • Social ImpactInequality, slums and poor sanitation.
    • Political ImpactCapitalists rose; workers formed trade unions.

  4. Rise of Imperialism

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    • Definition and FeaturesExtending power over weaker nations.
    • Link with Industrial RevolutionColonies supplied raw materials and markets.

Try a sample question

What was surplus capital primarily used for during the Industrial Revolution?

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